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During and after the breakup of Yugoslavia there were increasing ethnic and regional conflicts, culminating in the Kosovo War of 1999. The result of that war was the UN Security Council Resolution 1244, an agreement reached between the Yugoslav Army (VJ) and NATO. This led to the initiation of a Kosovo status process in 2005. By 2007, a plan had been formulated by UN Special Envoy Martti Ahtisaari. While the plan was accepted by the local government in Kosovo and backed by the United States and the European Union, it was strongly opposed by Serbia and their ally Russia. Various UN-facilitated attempts to negotiate an agreement left Kosovo's status unresolved. Supported by the United States and some European countries, Kosovo's government declared independence from Serbia on 17 February 2008.〔 Kosovo's current political status is uncertain. The International Court of Justice ruled that the declaration did not violate international law. UN member states have recognized Kosovo's independence. Of the international organizations, Kosovo has been granted full membership in the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. New negotiations between Serbia and the Kosovar Albanians started on March 8, 2011 with the EU as a mediator and full backing of the UN. Among the main issues, the parties will discuss on regional cooperation, freedom of movement, and the rule of law.〔("Three main topics" in Belgrade-Priština talks ), B92, 7 March 2011〕 The first round involved the discussion on telecommunications, mobility, civil register, and CEFTA issues. Western support for Kosovo's declaration of independence had involved supervision by an "International Civilian Office". That office was wound up in September 2012, although there are still some other forms of international transitional support, including EULEX. ==Background== Kosovo is the subject of a long-running political and territorial dispute between the Serbian (and previously, the Yugoslav) government and Kosovo's largely Albanian population. At the end of the Kosovo War in 1999, the UN Security Council adopted United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244, which placed Kosovo under transitional UN administration, demanded a withdrawal of Serbian forces from Kosovo and envisioned an eventual UN-facilitated political process to determine whether Kosovo would become independent or remain part of Serbia. In October 2005, a UN-commissioned report〔"(A comprehensive review of the situation in Kosovo ) ", by Kai Eide, New York, 13 June 2005.〕 written by Norwegian diplomat Kai Eide recommended that the status process should begin, arguing that "all sides need clarity with regard to the future status of Kosovo". The Security Council issued a Presidential Statement〔(UNSC PRST 2005/51 )〕 in October 2005 to endorse Eide's conclusions and authorize the launch of a status process. International negotiations began in 2006 to determine the final status of Kosovo, as envisaged under Resolution 1244. While Serbia's continued sovereignty over Kosovo was recognized by the international community at that time, a majority of the province's population sought independence. The UN-backed talks, led by UN Special Envoy Martti Ahtisaari, began in February 2006. While progress was made on technical matters, both parties remained diametrically opposed on the question of independence.〔"(UN frustrated by Kosovo deadlock ) ", ''BBC News'', 9 October 2006.〕 In February 2007, Ahtisaari delivered a draft status settlement proposal to leaders in Belgrade and Pristina, the basis for a draft UN Security Council Resolution which proposes "supervised independence" for the province. As of early July 2007 a draft resolution, backed by the United States and the European Union members of the Security Council, had been rewritten four times to try to accommodate Russian concerns that such a resolution would undermine the principle of state sovereignty. Russia, which holds veto power in the Security Council as one of five permanent members, had stated that it would not support any resolution which was not acceptable to Belgrade. While most observers had, at the beginning of the talks, anticipated independence as the most likely outcome, others have suggested that a rapid resolution might not be preferable. After many weeks of discussions at the UN, the United States and the European members of the Security Council formally "discarded" a draft resolution backing Ahtisaari's proposal on 20 July 2007, having failed to secure Russian backing, and instead proposed a new period of talks. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kosovo status process」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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